Optimal control of fractional punishment in optional public goods game

Punishment is probably the most frequently used mechanism to increase cooperation in Public Goods Games (PGG); however, it is expensive. To address this problem, this paper introduces an optimal control problem that uses fractional punishment to promote cooperation. We present a series of computatio...

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Autore principale: Grau Figueredo, Josias (author)
Altri autori: Botta Solano López, Magdalena del Rocío (author), Schaerer Serra, Christian Emilio (author)
Natura: article
Lingua:inglese
Pubblicazione: 2024
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Accesso online:https://doi.org/10.5540/tcam.2024.025.e01737
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14066/4611
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Riassunto:Punishment is probably the most frequently used mechanism to increase cooperation in Public Goods Games (PGG); however, it is expensive. To address this problem, this paper introduces an optimal control problem that uses fractional punishment to promote cooperation. We present a series of computational experiments illustrating the effects of single and combined terms of the optimization cost function. In the findings, the optimal controller outperforms the use of constant fractional punishment and gives an insight into the period and size of the penalization to be implemented with respect to the defection in the game.